Why are pneumatic valves more commonly used than electric valves for important valves?

1.Safety Considerations

Pneumatic valves have inherent safety features. In complex working environments, there are many electrical devices and potential sources of electrical interference. Electric valves rely on electric power for operation, and when electrical faults occur—such as short circuits, leakage, overloads, or electromagnetic interference—there is a high risk of malfunction in their control systems. For example, near areas with strong electromagnetic radiation, electric valves might receive incorrect signals, causing them to open or close unexpectedly, which can pose significant safety hazards to the entire system's operation.

Pneumatic valves, on the other hand, operate using compressed air, without relying on electrical signals, which makes them highly resistant to electromagnetic interference. This ensures stable and reliable performance even in complex electrical environments, contributing to system safety. Additionally, in hazardous areas like those near gas pipelines where flammable or explosive gases may exist, electric valves could potentially trigger explosions due to electric sparks, while pneumatic valves do not produce electric sparks during operation, making them safer in such environments.

2.Reliability Comparison

Pneumatic valves have a relatively simple structure, primarily consisting of components like cylinders, pistons, and valve bodies. This simple mechanical structure means that the probability of failure is relatively low. In contrast, electric valves contain complex components such as motors, reducers, and control circuits. For instance, the motor could overheat after prolonged use, and electronic components in the control circuit may fail due to aging or moisture.

Pneumatic valves can operate stably as long as the compressed air supply is stable and the main components, such as the cylinder and piston, are functioning properly. Maintenance is relatively straightforward, as technicians can easily understand and handle issues. Simple tasks like checking air pressure and replacing seals are typically enough to restore the valve’s normal function. On the other hand, troubleshooting and maintaining electric valves require specialized electrical knowledge and complex tools.

3.Response Speed Comparison

Pneumatic valves can open and close quickly. In situations like pipe leaks or overpressure, valves need to respond swiftly to cut off the flow. Pneumatic valves can adjust their action speed by modifying the air pressure, and typically operate within a few seconds or even less. Electric valves, however, have slower response times due to limitations imposed by motor speed, reducer ratios, and other factors. For example, in an emergency to shut off a steam pipe, a pneumatic valve can act faster, minimizing damage from leaks.

4.Cost Factors

From a cost perspective, pneumatic valves have an advantage in both initial investment and operating costs. Pneumatic valves are usually less expensive than electric valves of the same specifications because they have a simpler structure, lacking complex motors and control circuits. In terms of operating costs, while compressed air is needed, an air supply system can serve multiple pneumatic devices, lowering the per-valve cost. Furthermore, pneumatic valves have a certain advantage in energy efficiency compared to electric valves in certain cases, with energy consumption primarily based on compressed air usage.

5.Environmental Adaptability

Pneumatic valves perform excellently in terms of environmental adaptability. Industrial environments can often be harsh, with high temperatures, humidity, and dust. The main working parts of pneumatic valves are made of metal and seals, which are relatively resistant to temperature and humidity variations. On the other hand, the electronic components in electric valves are more susceptible to environmental factors like heat and moisture, which could lead to control failures in high-temperature conditions.

    Overall, considering factors like high safety, strong reliability, fast response speed, lower cost, and good environmental adaptability, pneumatic valves are more commonly used in key industrial applications than electric valves.

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